N44F

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庆祝哈勃望远镜30周年活动专题：CELEBRATING 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY

之一：“你的生日这天的天空是怎样的？”What Did Hubble See on Your Birthday?

全年生日数据–石墨在线版本

之二：30周年30张图片 We’re sharing one captivating image per day from each of Hubble’s years in orbit to count down to Hubble’s 30th anniversary on April 24, 2020.

这张似乎数据解读有点问题：站点上信息提示是2000年拍摄，但详情里介绍为2002年3月拍摄。发布时期为2004年8月12日。

About This Image 关于这张图片 In this unusual image, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope captures a rare view of the celestial equivalent of a geode - a gas cavity carved by the stellar wind and intense ultraviolet radiation from a hot young star.

在这张不同寻常的照片中，美国国家航空航天管理局的哈勃空间望远镜空间望远镜捕捉到了一个罕见的天体等效物——一个由恒星风和一颗炽热年轻恒星发出的强烈紫外线辐射雕刻而成的。

Real geodes are baseball-sized, hollow rocks that start out as bubbles in volcanic or sedimentary rock. Only when these inconspicuous round rocks are split in half by a geologist, do we get a chance to appreciate the inside of the rock cavity that is lined with crystals. In the case of Hubble’s 35 light-year diameter “celestial geode” the transparency of its bubble-like cavity of interstellar gas and dust reveals the treasures of its interior.

真正的岩石是棒球大小的空心岩石，一开始是火山或沉积岩中的气泡。 只有当这些不起眼的圆形岩石被地质学家劈成两半时，我们才有机会欣赏到镶嵌着晶体的岩洞内部。 以哈勃35光年直径的“天体晶体”为例，它由星际气体和尘埃组成的气泡状空腔的透明度揭示了其内部的宝藏。

The object, called N44F, is being inflated by a torrent of fast-moving particles (called a “stellar wind”) from an exceptionally hot star once buried inside a cold dense cloud. Compared with our Sun (which is losing mass through the so-called “solar wind”), the central star in N44F is ejecting more than a 100 million times more mass per second. The hurricane of particles moves much faster at about 4 million miles per hour (7 million kilometers per hour), as opposed to about 0.9 million miles per hour (1.5 million kilometers per hour) for our Sun. Because the bright central star does not exist in empty space but is surrounded by an envelope of gas, the stellar wind collides with this gas, pushing it out, like a snowplow. This forms a bubble, whose striking structure is clearly visible in the crisp Hubble image.

这个被称为 N44F 的物体正在被一股快速移动的粒子流(称为“恒星风”)膨胀，这股粒子流来自一颗极热的恒星，这颗恒星曾经埋藏在一个寒冷稠密的云团中。 与我们的太阳(通过所谓的“太阳风”正在失去质量)相比，N44F 中心的恒星每秒喷射的质量超过1亿倍。 粒子飓风的移动速度要快得多，大约每小时400万英里(700万公里 / 小时) ，而太阳的移动速度大约为每小时90万英里(150万公里 / 小时)。 因为明亮的中央恒星并不存在于真空中，而是被一层气体包围着，恒星风与这种气体发生碰撞，像扫雪机一样将其推出。 这形成了一个气泡，其醒目的结构在清晰的哈勃图像中清晰可见。

The nebula N44F is one of a handful of known interstellar bubbles. Bubbles like these have been seen around evolved massive stars (Wolf-Rayet stars), and also around clusters of stars (where they are called “super-bubbles”). But they have rarely been viewed around isolated stars, as is the case here.

N44f 星云是少数已知的星际气泡之一。 类似这样的气泡已经在大质量恒星(沃尔夫–拉叶星)周围出现过，也在恒星星团周围出现过(在那里它们被称为“超级气泡”)。 但是它们很少像这里一样在孤立的恒星周围被观测到。

On closer inspection N44F harbors additional surprises. The interior wall of its gaseous cavity is lined with several four- to eight-light-year-high finger-like columns of cool dust and gas. (The structure of these “columns” is similar to the Eagle Nebula’s iconic “pillars of creation” photographed by Hubble a decade ago, and is seen in a few other nebulae as well). The fingers are created by a blistering ultraviolet radiation from the central star. Like windsocks caught in a gale, they point in the direction of the energy flow. These pillars look small in this image only because they are much farther away from us than the Eagle Nebula’s pillars.

近距离观察 N44F 就会发现更多的惊喜。 其气态空腔的内壁排列着几个四到八光年高的指状冷尘和气体柱。 (这些“柱子”的结构类似于十年前哈勃拍摄的鹰状星云标志性的“创生之柱” ，其他一些星云也有这样的结构)。 这些手指是由中央恒星发出的灼热的紫外线辐射形成的。 就像大风夹住的风向袋一样，它们指向能量流的方向。 这些柱子在这张照片中看起来很小，只是因为它们比老鹰星云的柱子离我们远得多。

N44F is located about 160,000 light-years in our neighboring dwarf galaxy the Large Magellanic Cloud, in the direction of the southern constellation Dorado. N44F is part of the larger N44 complex, which is a large super-bubble, blown out by the combined action of stellar winds and multiple supernova explosions. N44 itself is roughly 1,000 light-years across. Several compact star-forming regions, including N44F, are found along the rim of the central super-bubble.

N44f 位于距离我们16万光年的邻近矮星系大麦哲伦星系，在南天剑鱼座方向。 N44f 是更大的 N44复合体的一部分，这是一个巨大的超级气泡，由恒星风和多次超新星爆炸的联合作用吹出。 N44本身的直径大约为1000光年。 在中央超级气泡的边缘发现了几个紧密的恒星形成区，包括 N44F。

This image was taken with Hubble’s Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 in March 2002, using filters that isolate light emitted by sulfur (shown in blue, a 1,200-second exposure) and hydrogen gas (shown in red, a 1,000-second exposure).

这张照片是2002年3月由哈勃的广角行星照相机2号拍摄的，使用了过滤器分离硫(以蓝色显示，曝光时间为1,200秒)和氢气(以红色显示，曝光时间为1,000秒)发出的光。