Daily Playground

good good study, day day up.

收集整理记录日常工作中用到的技术点。

dubbo

简单用法

将本地调用拆分为远程调用

独立安装 windows terminal

参考——

优化——

  • 使用tw打开默认的bat脚本,使用管理员权限执行cmd命令:ftype batfile="%LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\WindowsApps\wt.exe" "%1" %*
  • 在新tab中打开bat脚本ftype batfile="%LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\WindowsApps\wt.exe" -w 0 "%1" %*

windows terminal 字体问题

打开提示——找不到所选字体“Cascadia Mono“。 改为选择“Consolas“。

  • 修改设置,选择其他的字体
  • 或者安装这个字体,从github下载Cascadia Code,解压后找到Cascadia.ttf文件,双击打开,选择安装即可。

添加git-bash到windows terminal

豪华版版可参考Windows 11 runs Graphical Linux Apps out of the box with WSLg

普通版本进行自定义设置即可。复制一份现有的配置,设置对应的项目即可。也可以直接打开配置文件进行设置。注意添加的bash需要是git安装目录下的bin目录下文件,否则会在新窗口打开命令行。

windows powershell下执行[guid]::NewGuid()生成新的guid

为windows terminal设置代理

参考Windows Terminal: run CLI command on start up

How do I run two commands in one line in Windows CMD?

使用/k保持后面的执行结果;一行执行多个命令,使用&链接。

/k parameter (/k means keep, /c will close window): A && B, B only will run if A is successful, whereas A & B will run B after A, no matter what the outcome of A is

 
{
    "altGrAliasing": true,
    "antialiasingMode": "grayscale",
    "closeOnExit": "graceful",
    "colorScheme": "Campbell",
    "commandline": "cmd.exe /k set \"http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890\" & set \"https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890\" & E: && cd tempd ",
    "cursorShape": "bar",
    "font": 
    {
        "face": "Cascadia Mono",
        "size": 12
    },
    "guid": "{70f5c618-6972-459f-819c-3cce9e91d5a1}",
    "historySize": 9001,
    "icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}.png",
    "name": "proxy",
    "padding": "8, 8, 8, 8",
    "snapOnInput": true,
    "startingDirectory": "C:\\Users\\username",
    "suppressApplicationTitle": true,
    "tabTitle": "proxy",
    "useAcrylic": false
}

IFTTT

临时起意查了一下,自 2021 年 3 月 11 日开始,IFTTT 将移除新浪微博的 Applet,据说由于微博的原因,导致 IFTTT 从微博上抓取内容的 OAuth 接口无法使用,所以上述方法暂时失效了,并通过 IFTTT 客服了解到,因为联系不上微博方面修复这个问题,所以他们也不知道何时才能恢复。

IFTTT有开发者模式,大致研究了一些,可以自己搭建服务,实现对应的API就可以完成发送的需求,目前只在测试模式下完成,还不能精确控制,需要再验证一下API的逻辑

cloc Count Lines of Code

cloc 计算代码行数的命令行工具

忽略vendor文件夹:cloc --exclude-dir=vendor .

支持单个文件,指定目录,zip包,commit等参数。window环境下的执行程序不需要安装任何依赖,直接使用。

不同环境的安装方式——

npm install -g cloc              # https://www.npmjs.com/package/cloc
sudo apt install cloc            # Debian, Ubuntu
sudo yum install cloc            # Red Hat, Fedora
sudo dnf install cloc            # Fedora 22 or later
sudo pacman -S cloc              # Arch
sudo emerge -av dev-util/cloc    # Gentoo https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/dev-util/cloc
sudo apk add cloc                # Alpine Linux
doas pkg_add cloc                # OpenBSD
sudo pkg install cloc            # FreeBSD
sudo port install cloc           # Mac OS X with MacPorts
brew install cloc                # Mac OS X with Homebrew
choco install cloc               # Windows with Chocolatey
scoop install cloc               # Windows with Scoop

视频分离 音频分离

临危受命:在线视频 –> 下载视频 –> 视频音频分离 –> 人声背景乐分离



分离出了人声背景。但最后又确认了一下:需求是保留视频和背景乐,只去除人声 - -|| 一定要先理解好需求啊

使用FFmpeg合并音视频

先把原视频去除音频:ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -an output.mp4

再合成视频+分离后的音频: ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.wav -c:v copy -c:a aac -strict experimental output.mp4

ffmpeg是万能的~

m3u8转mp4

gist for m3u8-to-mp4——

# 页面上获取到m3u8文件地址,不加密的情况下,直接使用下面的命令就可以进行转换
ffmpeg -i "http://host/folder/file.m3u8" -bsf:a aac_adtstoasc -vcodec copy -c copy -crf 50 file.mp4

m3u8文件是多媒体播放列表文件格式,基于HLS(http live stream实时流)。

The M3U8 file format is used by audio and video playback programs to store playlists. The playlist consists of an Internet web path or URL, along with information about each track in the list (playtime duration). M3U8 files use UTF-8 character encoding as compared to M3U file types.

前端至少会展示m3u8文件的地址信息。过滤获取即可。

Mac录屏:含声音

搜索到这里mac如何在录制屏幕时只录制系统内音频里面提到录制屏幕的方法 如何在Mac上录制屏幕

基于自带的QuickTime播放器,使用快捷键Shift、Command 和 5 打开录制设置(使用QuickTime Player打开录制屏幕时也是相同的界面)

这种方式默认只能录制不含有声音的视频。尝试按照上面问答中的操作,在音频MIDI设置 中添加了新的聚集设备并中录制中选择这个设备,也无法录制到系统到声音。

MAC如何用QuickTime屏录,同时保留声音?这里到说明是正确的。总结一下——

  • 安装soundflower软件,官方下载,目前最新版本Soundflower-2-0b2,双击打开dmg文件后,右键选择打开pkg文件,同意安装
  • 安装过程中允许配置系统权限,需要重启电脑生效(在这一过程中可能提示安装失败,忽略即可,重启后中下一步可以看得soundflower即可)
  • 重启后中音频MIDI设置 中增加一个新的聚集设备:包含内建麦克风”和“Soundflower(64ch)”;一个新的多输出设备:包含“内建输出”和“Soundflower(64ch)”
  • 然后中系统设置的声音中配置:“输出”配置为“多输出设备”;“输入”配置为“聚集设备”(录制完恢复为修改前的配置,否则电脑音量无法调节)

此时再使用上面的录屏操作时,可以看得“选项”的“麦克风”项目下多了上面配置的选项。根据需要选择对应的选项即可——只录制系统声音,选择“Soundflower(64ch)”;“聚集设备”顾名思义包含了系统声音和内置麦克风。

录制的视频为Mac格式的.mov文件;mov在线转换为mp4

MacPro M1的芯片上soundflower已经不支持,使用BlackHole代替

javacv 依赖的 com.googlecode.javacpp.Loader无法找到问题

这个依赖包实际上依赖了javacpp这个jar包,但可能无法自动导入依赖。

<dependency>
    <groupId>opencv</groupId>
    <artifactId>javacv</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.googlecode.javacpp</groupId>
      <artifactId>javacpp</artifactId>
      <version>0.5</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>javacpp</id>
      <name>JavaCPP</name>
      <url>http://maven2.javacpp.googlecode.com/git/</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

可以 clean后重新 import,或者手动将依赖包的依赖添加到第一级依赖中

jetty log

jetty log

Once activated, you can find the properties file at ${jetty.base}/resources/jetty-logging.properties. By default, the following parameters are defined. To change them, un-comment the line and substitute your naming scheme and configuration choices.

## Force jetty logging implementation
#org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.class=org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.StdErrLog

## Set logging levels from: ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, OFF
#org.eclipse.jetty.LEVEL=INFO
#com.example.LEVEL=INFO

## Hide stacks traces in logs?
#com.example.STACKS=false

## Show the source file of a log location?
#com.example.SOURCE=false

Java Video

javacv lib and example and usage Examle to play mp4 in JavaFx

update-alternatives 配置

可以用来管理多个版本的应用,如python、java、javac。

sudo update-alternatives --config java

可使用 man update-alternatives查看使用方法。

Python

修改系统默认的python的版本

更改Ubuntu默认python版本的方法

修改当前用户的:编辑当前用户的bash config文件,增加一行 alias python='/usr/bin/python3'

使用 update-alternatives 为整个系统更改 Python 版本

➜  ~ su 
Password: 
lee# update-alternatives --list python
update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for python
lee# ls /usr/bin/python* 
/usr/bin/python   /usr/bin/python2.7	     /usr/bin/python2-config  /usr/bin/python3.6	 /usr/bin/python3.6m	     /usr/bin/python3-config  /usr/bin/python3m-config
/usr/bin/python2  /usr/bin/python2.7-config  /usr/bin/python3	      /usr/bin/python3.6-config  /usr/bin/python3.6m-config  /usr/bin/python3m	      /usr/bin/python-config
lee# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7 1
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/python2.7 to provide /usr/bin/python (python) in auto mode

#--install 选项使用了多个参数用于创建符号链接。最后一个参数指定了此选项的优先级
lee# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.6 2
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/python3.6 to provide /usr/bin/python (python) in auto mode
lee# python --version
Python 3.6.7

# cofig 
update-alternatives --config python

# remove 
update-alternatives --remove python /usr/bin/python2.7

python2 & 3

root@PublicPro:/data# python --version
Python 2.7.6
root@PublicPro:/data# python3 --version
Python 3.4.3

#install python2 in ubuntu18.04
apt-get install -y python2.7; cp /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

python3环境+ shapely 模块

#0. 安装libgeos-dev支持CDLL(libgeos_c.so)
sudo apt-get install -y libgeos-dev

#1. python3 安装pip 
apt-get install python3-pip

#2. 安装Shapely
pip3 install Shapely

#4. 验证
python3 dumputil.py 1523520544882_windowinfo
4b9b792b7975f243b0949ae77e2fba56

问题:
## window上安装Shapely依赖 geos_c.dll,需要确认本地的python版本是32位还是64位
Python 3.6.0 (v3.6.0:41df79263a11, Dec 23 2016, 07:18:10) [MSC v.1900 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:24:55) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
安装对应的geos版本
https://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/

目的是得到  geos_c.dll文件;之后复制到python对应的DLLS目录即可 

有可能保存的内容包括:
找不到文件 geoc_c.dll——没有该文件
OSError: [WinError 193] %1 不是有效的 Win32 应用程序。

解压jar文件 jar xf xxx.jar

将把xxx.jar解压到当前目录下,可使用 man jar进行查看参数。

HTTP

get方法传递数组

# 只需要使用相同的参数名称即可
http://gebitang.com?key=kvalue&reboot=1&charge_id=1&charge_id=2

# 在 HttpServletRequest中获取
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
String[] ss = request.getParameterValues("charge_id");
String[] ss1 = request.getParameterValues("reboot");
String r = request.getParameter("key");

VS code

折叠代码块快捷键

  • 折叠所有区域代码的快捷

  • 先按下 ctrl 和 K,再按下 ctrl 和 0 (0,1,2,3表示不同的折叠级别)

  • 展开所有折叠区域代码的快捷

  • 先按下 ctrl 和 K,再按下 ctrl 和 J

ref
cmd + option + [ 折叠鼠标所在代码段 cmd + option + ] 展开鼠标所在代码段

全选之后 cmd + k 然后 cmd + num(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)可以选择折叠级别

windows把cmd换成ctrl

cmd + shift + p输入折叠查看所有和折叠相关的功能以及快捷键

类似sublime,ctrl+alt+P 打开管理,

支持go语言

安装插件 go, 在extention中搜索go

支持CPP

C/C++ for VS Code官方文档

You can also generate or edit a c_cpp_properties.json file with the C/Cpp: Edit Configurations command from the Command Palette (Ctrl+Shift+P).

Visual Studio Code如何编写运行C、C++

查看内存占用

  1. 可使用 "window.titleBarStyle": "native" 切換为舊式界面。
  2. 電腦卡頓的時候可以用 Developer: Open Process Explorer 查看各插件的內存使用。

RBT工具使用

rbtools提交、更新

RBT工具使用

  • 首次提交review

一般建议在独立的 task 分支进行开发, 在合并到 release 或者 master 等分支之前, 需要提交 review.

# 使用 -d 参数打印更多信息
rbt post -d --tracking-branch=my.local.debug.branch
  • 追加修改
# 需要在对应的目录下执行
rbt  post -d -r 2919 --parent=base.changed.commit

rbtools 提示错误ascii codec can t decode byte 0xe0

参考 立即停止在 Python 中使用 setdefaultencoding(‘utf-8’), 以及为什么

  • 这是Python 2 mimetypes的bug
  • 需要将Python2.7/lib/mimetypes.py文件中如下片段注释或删除:
try:
    ctype = ctype.encode(default_encoding) # omit in 3.x!
except UnicodeEncodeError:
    pass

补充其它解决办法

解决办法: 在报错的页面添加代码:

import sys 
reload(sys) 
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')

执行 Python ez_setup.py,报错:

UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xb0 in position 35: invalid start byte

解决办法: 在报错的页面添加代码:

import sys 
reload(sys) 
sys.setdefaultencoding('gb18030')

Grails - Groovy - Gradle

grails

officail doc documentation grails 2.5.6 doc

# 启动、指定端口、编码
grails -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dserver.port=8090 run-app

打包部署

#查看帮助 grails help
# 打包 
grails war

groovy

offical doc single page 下载离线文档

Groovy 基础 用 Groovy 服务器页面(GSP)改变视图 GSP 学习笔记(1)– GRAILS开发

gradle

official doc 中文手册1.5版本 极客学院版 official guides 下载完整版本安装后,在安装目录下的docs/userguide/userguide.html下有完整的手册

Gradle via scoop

window下的包管理工具 scoop:默认安装在用户目录下,然后再将由scoop安装的包安装到自己的apps目录下。达到不需要提供用户权限选项的目的。

例如,使用scoop安装gradle(也是gradle官方推荐的安装方法)。scoop install gradle

C:\Users\joechin>scoop install gradle
Installing 'gradle' (4.9) [64bit]
gradle-4.9-all.zip (108.2 MB) [===============================================================================] 100%
Checking hash of gradle-4.9-all.zip ... ok.
Extracting gradle-4.9-all.zip ... done.
Linking ~\scoop\apps\gradle\current => ~\scoop\apps\gradle\4.9
Creating shim for 'gradle'.
'gradle' (4.9) was installed successfully!
'gradle' suggests installing 'java/oraclejdk' or 'java/openjdk'.

一直使用maven比较多,gradle用得少一点。今天准备本地编译sonarqube需要使用gradle 6.3版本,查了一下,本地版本为4.9。但环境变量里也没配置,“这个版本是从哪里来的呢?”一时还有点诧异。

在个人文件夹下看的scoop才想起来应该是使用这个工具安装的。

  • 升级gradle scoop update gradle@6.3
  • 卸载gradle scoop uninstall gradle
  • 安装gradle scoop install gradle@6.3
>gradle -v

------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 4.9
------------------------------------------------------------

Build time:   2018-07-16 08:14:03 UTC
Revision:     efcf8c1cf533b03c70f394f270f46a174c738efc

Kotlin DSL:   0.18.4
Kotlin:       1.2.41
Groovy:       2.4.12
Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.11 compiled on March 23 2018
JVM:          1.8.0_181 (Oracle Corporation 25.181-b13)
OS:           Windows 10 10.0 amd64

# uninstall 
scoop uninstall gradle
Uninstalling 'gradle' (4.9).
Removing shim for 'gradle'.
Unlinking ~\scoop\apps\gradle\current
'gradle' was uninstalled.

# install directly
scoop install gradle@6.3
Updating Scoop...
Updating 'main' bucket...
 * c714ae58 yq: Update to version 3.4.1                                  58 minutes ago
 * 43dead4a vim-nightly: Update to version 8.2.1862                      58 minutes ago
 * 47b9b892 minio: Update to version 2020-10-18T21-54-12Z                58 minutes ago
 * f30f5794 helmfile: Update to version 0.132.0                          58 minutes ago
 * e30936bb gobuster: Update to version 3.1.0                            58 minutes ago
 * deb6225d chisel: Update to version 1.7.2                              58 minutes ago
 * ea1793c9 ccache: Update to version 4.0                                58 minutes ago
Scoop was updated successfully!
WARN  Given version (6.3) does not match manifest (6.7)
WARN  Attempting to generate manifest for 'gradle' (6.3)
Autoupdating gradle
Searching hash for gradle-6.3-all.zip in https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.3-all.zip.sha256
Found: 0f316a67b971b7b571dac7215dcf2591a30994b3450e0629925ffcfe2c68cc5c using Extract Mode
Writing updated gradle manifest
Installing 'gradle' (6.3) [64bit]
gradle-6.3-all.zip (138.4 MB) [===============================================================================] 100%
Checking hash of gradle-6.3-all.zip ... ok.
Extracting gradle-6.3-all.zip ... done.
Linking ~\scoop\apps\gradle\current => ~\scoop\apps\gradle\6.3
Creating shim for 'gradle'.
'gradle' (6.3) was installed successfully!
'gradle' suggests installing 'java/oraclejdk' or 'java/openjdk'.

# check result

>gradle -v

------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 6.3
------------------------------------------------------------

Build time:   2020-03-24 19:52:07 UTC
Revision:     bacd40b727b0130eeac8855ae3f9fd9a0b207c60

Kotlin:       1.3.70
Groovy:       2.5.10
Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.7 compiled on September 1 2019
JVM:          1.8.0_181 (Oracle Corporation 25.181-b13)
OS:           Windows 10 10.0 amd64

scoop安装的应用默认下载到cache目录,

gradle 每次下载问题

在项目的gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties中指定本地目录即可,参考

#Wed Feb 13 09:43:26 CET 2019
distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
#distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.3-all.zip
distributionUrl=gradle-6.3-all.zip

# linux
#distributionUrl=file\:/tmp/gradle-2.2.1-all.zip
# windows
#distributionUrl=file\:/D:/tools/gradleAll/6.3/gradle-6.3-all.zip

proxy for gradle

Gradle proxy configuration
How to set proxy server for gradle?
Execute Gradle behind a corporate proxy network

在项目的更目录下创建gradle.properties文件,指定代理参数;全局设置,将此文件放到 $HOME/.gradle目录下;也可以直接通过命令行参数传递gradlew -Dhttp.proxyHost=127.0.0.1 -Dhttp.proxyPort=3128 -Dhttps.proxyPort=3129 -Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=*.nonproxyrepos.com|localhost

#http proxy setup
systemProp.http.proxyHost=www.somehost.org
systemProp.http.proxyPort=8080
systemProp.http.proxyUser=userid
systemProp.http.proxyPassword=password
systemProp.http.nonProxyHosts=*.nonproxyrepos.com|localhost

#https proxy setup
systemProp.https.proxyHost=www.somehost.org
systemProp.https.proxyPort=8080
systemProp.https.proxyUser=userid
systemProp.https.proxyPassword=password
systemProp.https.nonProxyHosts=*.nonproxyrepos.com|localhost

安装gradle

官方教程,简单概况:

  • 现在对于版本完整zip包;可选检查sha256值
  • 解压后,将bin目录添加到环境变量即可
  • 执行gradle -v验证安装

多模块示例

Gradle多模块项目 jianshu
Gradle构建多模块项目 aliyun
Gradle多模块(项目)的构建 segmentfault 哈,这明显是对标 StackOverflow VS. SegmentFault

official: Executing Multi-Project Builds
officail: Structuring and Building a Software Component with Gradle

skip test in gradle

Gradle build without tests, Skipping Tests With Gradle

gradle build -x test

Gradle projects

D:\openSources\VocabHunter>gradle -q projects

------------------------------------------------------------
Root project
------------------------------------------------------------

Root project 'vocabhunter'
+--- Project ':command-line'
+--- Project ':core'
+--- Project ':gui'
+--- Project ':osx'
\--- Project ':package'

To see a list of the tasks of a project, run gradle <project-path>:tasks
For example, try running gradle :command-line:tasks
D:\openSources\VocabHunter>gradle :gui:tasks

> Task :gui:tasks

------------------------------------------------------------
All tasks runnable from project :gui
------------------------------------------------------------

Application tasks
-----------------
run - Runs this project as a JVM application

Build tasks
-----------
assemble - Assembles the outputs of this project.
build - Assembles and tests this project.
buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it.
buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on.
classes - Assembles main classes.
clean - Deletes the build directory.
jar - Assembles a jar archive containing the main classes.
testClasses - Assembles test classes.

Distribution tasks
------------------
assembleDist - Assembles the main distributions
distTar - Bundles the project as a distribution.
distZip - Bundles the project as a distribution.
installDist - Installs the project as a distribution as-is.

Documentation tasks
-------------------
javadoc - Generates Javadoc API documentation for the main source code.

Help tasks
----------
buildEnvironment - Displays all buildscript dependencies declared in project ':gui'.
components - Displays the components produced by project ':gui'. [incubating]
dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in project ':gui'.
dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in project ':gui'.
dependencyUpdates - Displays the dependency updates for the project.
dependentComponents - Displays the dependent components of components in project ':gui'. [incubating]
help - Displays a help message.
model - Displays the configuration model of project ':gui'. [incubating]
projects - Displays the sub-projects of project ':gui'.
properties - Displays the properties of project ':gui'.
tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from project ':gui'.

Verification tasks
------------------
check - Runs all checks.
jacocoTestCoverageVerification - Verifies code coverage metrics based on specified rules for the test task.
jacocoTestReport - Generates code coverage report for the test task.
test - Runs the unit tests.

Rules
-----
Pattern: clean<TaskName>: Cleans the output files of a task.
Pattern: build<ConfigurationName>: Assembles the artifacts of a configuration.
Pattern: upload<ConfigurationName>: Assembles and uploads the artifacts belonging to a configuration.

To see all tasks and more detail, run gradle tasks --all

To see more detail about a task, run gradle help --task <task>

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 0s
1 actionable task: 1 executed
D:\openSources\VocabHunter>

gradle tasks

D:\openSources\VocabHunter>gradle -q help --task :gui:run
Detailed task information for :gui:run

Path
     :gui:run

Type
     JavaExec (org.gradle.api.tasks.JavaExec)

Options
     --args     Command line arguments passed to the main class. [INCUBATING]

     --debug-jvm     Enable debugging for the process. The process is started suspended and listening on port 5005. [INCUBATING]

Description
     Runs this project as a JVM application

Group
     application
D:\openSources\VocabHunter>

idea 不显示gradle工具栏

gradle tool window missing, 先手动创建一个gradle类型的工程后,gradle工具栏会显示出来,之后再导入gradle工程。

iTerm2 ssh登录后无法显示中文

Mac用iTerm2连接到Linux上,不能输入中文

服务器是ubuntu,用Mac的iterm2 ssh连上去,终端显示中文乱码,也不能输入中文,然而本地终端可以显示和输入。

终端和服务器的字符集不匹配

因为我在本地和服务器都用zsh替代了bash,而且使用了oh-my-zsh,而默认的.zshrc没有设置为utf-8编码,所以本地和服务器端都要在.zshrc设置,步骤如下,bash对应.bash_profile或.bashrc文件。

在对应的配置文件末端添加

export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8  
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

3.如果设置之后出现以下问题 -bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (en_US.UTF-8) 解决办法:

sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
➜  ~ locale
LANG=
LC_COLLATE="C"
LC_CTYPE="UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="C"
LC_MONETARY="C"
LC_NUMERIC="C"
LC_TIME="C"
LC_ALL=
➜  ~ source ~/.zshrc
➜  ~ locale
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"

SSH登录Mac后中文乱码

在Mac OS X命令行下输入set,输出中LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8。 但是SSH登录后,找不到LANG

解决方法:登录后,输入

➜  ~ set |grep LANG
➜  ~ LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
➜  ~ export LANG
➜  ~ set |grep LANG
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

VirtualBox 识别网银UKey

  • 在启动前插入UKey
  • 在设置页面选择端口操作,选择USB
  • 添加过滤,自动识别的UKey

命令行FTP操作

完成登录,上传、下载文件 参考

# 1. login 
ftp xx.xxx.xx.ip
# 2. input username and password accrodingly

# show local dir 
!dir 

# change local dir 
lcd /data/

# cd, ls, pwd, dir, works for remote.
ftp> ls
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxrwxr-x    5 600      600          4096 Feb 24  2017 test1
drwxrwxr-x    5 600      600          4096 Feb 13  2017 test2
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> cd zt/install
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> ls
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxrwxr-x    2 600      600          4096 Jan 21  2016 adb

# upload file to remote.
ftp> put uitest.apk

# dowload file to local
ftp> get uitest.apk
local: uitest.apk remote: uitest.apk
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for uitest.apk (393600 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
393600 bytes received in 0.22 secs (1719.1 kB/s)


# rename file name
ftp>rename file.original.name file.renamed.name
350 Ready for RNTO.
250 Rename successful.

提示500 Illegal PORT command. ftp: bind: Address already in use

登录进入FTP后,修改传输模式。执行:quote pasv,然后执行 passive。 有可能的影响是,传输时不会再提示传输进度。需要主动结束?

ftp> quote pasv
227 Entering Passive Mode (xxx).
ftp> passive
Passive mode on.
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (xxx).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxrwxr-x    2 653      653          4096 Oct 19  2017 171021
drwxrwxr-x    5 600      600          4096 Feb 24  2017 xxx
drwxrwxr-x    5 600      600          4096 Feb 13  2017 yyy

JVM

my question

Heap Vs. Stack

java栈、堆、方法区详解

Heap

存储的全部是对象,每个对象都包含一个与之对应的class的信息。(class的目的是得到操作指令);
jvm只有一个heap区,被所有线程共享,不存放基本类型和对象引用,只存放对象本身。

堆的优劣势:堆的优势是可以动态的分配内存大小,生存期也不必事先告诉编译器,java的垃圾收集器会自动收取这些不在使用的数据,但缺点是,由于要在运行时动态分配内存,存取速度慢。

Stack

每一个线程包含一个stack区,只保存基本数据类型的对象和自定义对象的引用(不是对象),对象都存放在共享heap中;
每个栈中的数据(基本数据类型和对象引用)都是私有的,其他栈不能访问;
栈分为3部分:基本类型变量区、执行环境上下文、操作指令区(存放操作指令)

栈的优势劣势:存取速度比堆要快,仅次于直接位于CPU的寄存器,但必须确定的是存在stack中的数据大小与生存期必须是确定的,缺乏灵活性。单个stack的数据可以共享。
stack:是一个先进后出的数据结构,通常保存方法中的参数,局部变量。
在java中,所有基本类型和引用类型都在stack中储存,栈中数据的生存空间一般在当前scopes内

# https://ask.csdn.net/questions/272621
public class A{
    public int i=1;
    public static void mian(String args[]){
      A a=new A();
    }
}

1.加载class文件到class内容区域,加载静态方法和静态变量到静态区(同时加载的)
2.调用main方法到栈内存
3.在栈内存中为a变量(A对象的引用)开辟空间
4.在堆内存为A对象申请空间
5.给成员变量进行默认初始化(此时 i=0),同时有一个方法标记,在方法区中创建一个A的方法区,将A的方法区的地址0x01给方法标记
6.给成员变量进行显示初始化(此时 i=1)
7.将A对象的地址值给变量a

进程卡死

使用vjtop查看进程使用情况,观察到的现象为老年代占满。

12:22:24 - PID: 5695 JVM: 1.8.0_192 USER: root UPTIME: 1d08h
 PROCESS: 119.84% cpu(9.99% of 12 core), 433 thread
 MEMORY: 11g rss, 11g peak, 0m swap | DISK: 406B read, 9kB write
 THREAD: 407 live, 64 daemon, 520 peak, 0 new | CLASS: 9444 loaded, 975 unloaded, 2 new
 HEAP: 3276m/3276m eden, 384m/409m sur, 4095m/4096m old
 NON-HEAP: 63m/66m/512m metaspace, 78m/79m/240m codeCache, 6m/7m/504m ccs
 OFF-HEAP: 7m/7m direct(max=NaN), 0m/0m map(count=0), 407m threadStack
 GC: 1/0ms/0ms ygc, 11/629ms fgc | SAFE-POINT: 11 count, 642ms time, 1ms syncTime

    TID NAME                                                      STATE    CPU SYSCPU  TOTAL TOLSYS
     11 QuantumRenderer-0                                       WAITING  7.73%  4.55%  3.37%  2.11%
     14 JavaFX Application Thread                              RUNNABLE  1.61%  0.32%  1.29%  0.25%
  25701 pool-3-thread-3875                                   TIMED_WAIT  1.49%  0.00%  0.42%  0.01%
  23934 pool-3-thread-3530                                   TIMED_WAIT  1.39%  0.00%  0.48%  0.01%
  11350 pool-3-thread-1930                                   TIMED_WAIT  1.38%  0.19%  0.73%  0.02%
   4458 pool-3-thread-811                                    TIMED_WAIT  1.37%  0.18%  1.05%  0.04%
  31111 pool-3-thread-4898                                   TIMED_WAIT  1.37%  0.18%  0.04%  0.00%
  11931 pool-3-thread-2108                                   TIMED_WAIT  1.35%  0.06%  0.70%  0.02%
  26660 pool-3-thread-4122                                   TIMED_WAIT  1.31%  0.02%  0.11%  0.01%
   2799 pool-3-thread-669                                    TIMED_WAIT  1.29%  0.09%  1.07%  0.04%

参考文章可触发强制GC

使用jmap工具可触发FullGC

jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=heap.bin 将当前的存活对象dump到文件,此时会触发FullGC

jmap -histo:live 打印每个class的实例数目,内存占用,类全名信息.live子参数加上后,只统计活的对象数量. 此时会触发FullGC

classLoader

Class类的getResource方法,GuiCamera.getClass.getResource("/name"),会从GuiCamera类的根目录上去找资源!而GuiCamera.getClass.getResource(“name”),会从GuiCamera的类所在路径里去找资源!即 包名+name!

Do You Really Get Classloaders

# No class found
Variants

ClassNotFoundException
NoClassDefFoundError

# Helpful
IDE class lookup (Ctrl+Shift+T in Eclipse)
find *.jar -exec jar -tf ‘{}’\; | grep MyClass
URLClassLoader.getUrls() Container specific logs


#Wrong class found
Variants

IncompatibleClassChangeError
AbstractMethodError
NoSuch(Method|Field)Error
ClassCastException, IllegalAccessError

#Helpful
-verbose:class
ClassLoader.getResource() javap -private MyClass
More than one class found
Variants

LinkageError (class loading constraints violated)
ClassCastException, IllegalAccessError

#Helpful
-verbose:class
ClassLoader.getResource()

NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX

有可能是静态方法加载时报错,导致其他Class无法初始化

使用中的lib库不能直接覆盖更新

复制覆盖更新时,可能导致无法找到对应的class,

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: 

java.rmi.ConnectException: Connection refused to host

java.rmi.ConnectException: Connection refused to host: 127.0.1.1 same question java.rmi.ConnectException: Connection refused to host An Overview of RMI Applications

root@publicpro:~/vjtop# ./vjtop.sh 24550
java.rmi.ConnectException: Connection refused to host: 10.32.21.177; nested exception is:
        java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out (Connection timed out)
        at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPEndpoint.newSocket(TCPEndpoint.java:619)
        at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPChannel.createConnection(TCPChannel.java:216)
        at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPChannel.newConnection(TCPChannel.java:202)
        at sun.rmi.server.UnicastRef.invoke(UnicastRef.java:129)
        at java.rmi.server.RemoteObjectInvocationHandler.invokeRemoteMethod(RemoteObjectInvocationHandler.java:227)
        at java.rmi.server.RemoteObjectInvocationHandler.invoke(RemoteObjectInvocationHandler.java:179)
        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0.newClient(Unknown Source)
        at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnector.getConnection(RMIConnector.java:2430)
        at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnector.connect(RMIConnector.java:308)
        at javax.management.remote.JMXConnectorFactory.connect(JMXConnectorFactory.java:270)
        at javax.management.remote.JMXConnectorFactory.connect(JMXConnectorFactory.java:229)
        at com.vip.vjtools.vjtop.data.jmx.JmxClient.connect(JmxClient.java:106)
        at com.vip.vjtools.vjtop.VMInfo.processNewVM(VMInfo.java:129)
        at com.vip.vjtools.vjtop.VJTop.main(VJTop.java:52)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out (Connection timed out)
        at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
        at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:350)
        at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:206)
        at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:188)
        at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
        at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:589)
        at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:538)
        at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:434)
        at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:211)
        at sun.rmi.transport.proxy.RMIDirectSocketFactory.createSocket(RMIDirectSocketFactory.java:40)
        at sun.rmi.transport.proxy.RMIMasterSocketFactory.createSocket(RMIMasterSocketFactory.java:148)
        at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPEndpoint.newSocket(TCPEndpoint.java:613)
        ... 13 more

问题的逻辑搞清楚了:

  1. java应用启动时没有指定 java.rmi.server.hostname ,所以RMI server会使用默认的hostname。
  2. 启动时,识别到系统的 hostname对应的ip是/etc/hosts中定义的ip
  3. vjtop去连接时,自然找到就是这个“旧的”“错误的”ip

修改了 /etc/hosts会立即生效,但java应用已经在修改前使用了“旧的”ip。所以会报上面的错误。

验证:

  • 不重启机器,先修改 /etc/hosts 再启动 java应用。然后再用 vjtop连接就可以正常获取到数据。
  • 即使这时再修改hostname为一个错误的地址,也依然可以正常获取到数据。

关键是java应用启动时jvm使用的hostname对应的是什么值。

how to investigate hs_err_pid.log?

Can anybody tell me details about hs_err_pid.log file generated when Tomcat crashes? Troubleshooting Java SE. official doc,and here is the detail doc, refer to the chapter “5 Troubleshoot System Crashes” and “A Fatal Error Log”.

file format infor

JVM Crash due to SIGSEGV

JVM Crash due to SIGSEGV Troubleshooting Guide for HotSpot VM java应用启动参数使用 -Xcheck:jni参数 Other Command-Line Options

使用jni参数出现大量无效log无效log,关闭使用。

Signal Description
SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGPIPE, SIGILL -- Used in the implementation for implicit null check, and so forth.
SIGQUIT Thread dump support -- To dump Java stack traces at the standard error stream. (Optional.)
SIGTERM, SIGINT, SIGHUP -- Used to support the shutdown hook mechanism (java.lang.Runtime.addShutdownHook) when the VM is terminated abnormally. (Optional.)
SIGUSR1 -- Used in the implementation of the java.lang.Thread.interrupt method. (Configurable.) Not used starting with Solaris 10 OS. Reserved on Linux. SIGUSR2 Used internally. (Configurable.) Not used starting with Solaris 10 OS. SIGABRT The HotSpot VM does not handle this signal. Instead it calls the abort function after fatal error handling. If an application uses this signal then it should terminate the process to preserve the expected semantics.

Registers

数据寄存器分为:
AH&AL=AX(accumulator):累加寄存器,常用于运算;在乘除等指令中指定用来存放操作数,
另外,所有的I/O指令都使用这一寄存器与外界设备传送数据。
BH&BL=BX(base):基址寄存器,常用于地址索引
CH&CL=CX(count):计数寄存器,常用于计数;常用于保存计算值,
如在移位指令,循环(loop)和串处理指令中用作隐含的计数器.
DH&DL=DX(data):数据寄存器,常用于数据传递。
他们的特点是,这4个16位的寄存器可以分为高8位: AH, BH, CH, DH.
以及低八位:AL,BL,CL,DL。
这2组8位寄存器可以分别寻址,并单独使用。


另一组是指针寄存器和变址寄存器,包括:
SP(Stack Pointer):堆栈指针,与SS配合使用,可指向目前的堆栈位置
BP(Base Pointer):基址指针寄存器,可用作SS的一个相对基址位置
SI(Source Index):源变址寄存器,可用来存放相对于DS段之源变址指针
DI(Destination Index):目的变址寄存器,可用来存放相对于ES 段之目的变址指针。
这4个16位寄存器只能按16位进行存取操作,
主要用来形成操作数的地址,用于堆栈操作和变址运算中计算操作数的有效地址。


Registers:
RAX=0x00007f76b9117b3f, RBX=0x0000000000000001, RCX=0x00106e4e63fcb4e0, RDX=0x000feed7222f6800
RSP=0x00007f778c6393c0, RBP=0x00007f77b4f2c6c8, RSI=0x0000000000000000, RDI=0x00007f7740000020
R8 =0x0000000000000000, R9 =0x00007f76b9117c20, R10=0x00007f778c639100, R11=0x00007f76d50f3112
R12=0x0000000000000001, R13=0x00007f7741cd4cf0, R14=0x00007f774c16d130, R15=0x00007f778c639428
RIP=0x00007f77b4ba610d, EFLAGS=0x0000000000010216, CSGSFS=0x0000000000000033, ERR=0x0000000000000000
  TRAPNO=0x000000000000000d

gdb

Debugging Under Unix: gdb Tutorial Linux software debugging with GDB gdb Debugging Full Example (Tutorial): ncurses

# https://stackoverflow.com/q/8305866/1087122
# open core file
gdb ./run.sh core


Failed to read a valid object file image from memory.
Core was generated by `java -Xms8g -Xmx8g -XX:NewRatio=1 -XX:MetaspaceSize=128m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=5'.
Program terminated with signal SIGABRT, Aborted.
#0  0x00007faa54e99c37 in ?? ()
(gdb) where
Python Exception <class 'gdb.MemoryError'> Cannot access memory at address 0x7fa9f0116448:
#0  0x00007faa54e99c37 in ?? ()
Cannot access memory at address 0x7fa9f0116448
(gdb) bt full
#0  0x00007faa54e99c37 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.
Cannot access memory at address 0x7fa9f0116448
(gdb)

JMX

openJDK The JavaTMManagement Extensions (JMX) API How to Monitor a Remote JVM running on RHEL

Official FAQ

关键系统的JVM参数推荐(2018仲夏版) wx 关键系统的JVM参数推荐(2018仲夏版) web

java 装箱和拆箱

要理解装箱和拆箱的概念,就要理解Java数据类型—— 对象类型到基本类型相互转换

  • 装箱:把基本类型用它们相应的引用类型包装起来,使其具有对象的性质。int包装成Integer、float包装成Float
  • 拆箱:和装箱相反,将引用类型的对象简化成值类型的数据
//这是自动装箱  (编译器调用的是static Integer valueOf(int i))
Integer a = 100;             
//这是自动拆箱
int     b = new Integer(100);

Java线程池:ThreadPoolExecutor

COUNT_BITS 就是29,CAPACITY就是1左移29位减1(29个1),这个常量表示workerCount的上限值,大约是5亿。

查看默认参数

JDK 8: Thread Stack Size Tuning Default -Xss value on Windows for JDK 8

# on linux: intx ThreadStackSize     = 1024    {pd product}
java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -version

# on windows:
# In JDK 8, HotSpot installation comes with a feature named Native Memory Tracking (default: disabled).
# To enable it, use:

-XX:NativeMemoryTracking=[off|detail|summary]
java -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=summary -XX:+PrintNMTStatistics -version

运行jar包中指定的 main 方法 -cp

# -cp 参数后面是类路径,是指定给解释器到哪里找到你的.class文件, 
# 指定类运行所依赖其他类的路径,通常是类库,jar包之类,需要全路径到jar包
# 写法: java -cp .;myClass.jar packname.mainclassname   
#  java -Xmx512m -XX:+UseSerialGC -XX:-TieredCompilation -XX:CICompilerCount=2 -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=20000 -cp vjtop.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/lib/tool.jar com.vip.vjtools.vjtop.VJTop 
java -cp XXXX.jar com.smbea.dubbo.bin.Console

用Jstack把java进程中的堆栈信息输出到文件

jstack -l PID >txt.txt

JVM 参数 -Xms -Xmx

How is the default Java heap size determined?

oracle Default headp size

Default Heap Size Unless the initial and maximum heap sizes are specified on the command line, they are calculated based on the amount of memory on the machine.

Client JVM Default Initial and Maximum Heap Sizes

The default maximum heap size is half of the physical memory up to a physical memory size of 192 megabytes (MB) and otherwise one fourth of the physical memory up to a physical memory size of 1 gigabyte (GB).

For example, if your computer has 128 MB of physical memory, then the maximum heap size is 64 MB, and greater than or equal to 1 GB of physical memory results in a maximum heap size of 256 MB.

The maximum heap size is not actually used by the JVM unless your program creates enough objects to require it. A much smaller amount, called the initial heap size, is allocated during JVM initialization. This amount is at least 8 MB and otherwise 1/64th of physical memory up to a physical memory size of 1 GB.

The maximum amount of space allocated to the young generation is one third of the total heap size.

Server JVM Default Initial and Maximum Heap Sizes

The default initial and maximum heap sizes work similarly on the server JVM as it does on the client JVM, except that the default values can go higher. On 32-bit JVMs, the default maximum heap size can be up to 1 GB if there is 4 GB or more of physical memory. On 64-bit JVMs, the default maximum heap size can be up to 32 GB if there is 128 GB or more of physical memory. You can always set a higher or lower initial and maximum heap by specifying those values directly; see the next section.

Specifying Initial and Maximum Heap Sizes

You can specify the initial and maximum heap sizes using the flags -Xms (initial heap size) and -Xmx (maximum heap size). If you know how much heap your application needs to work well, you can set -Xms and -Xmx to the same value. If not, the JVM will start by using the initial heap size and will then grow the Java heap until it finds a balance between heap usage and performance.

Other parameters and options can affect these defaults. To verify your default values, use the -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal option and look for MaxHeapSize in the output. For example, on Linux or Solaris, you can run the following:

java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal <GC options> -version | grep MaxHeapSize

#https://stackoverflow.com/a/13871564/1087122
root@ubuntu:# java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -version|grep HeapSize
    uintx ErgoHeapSizeLimit                         = 0          {product}
    uintx HeapSizePerGCThread                       = 87241520   {product}
    uintx InitialHeapSize                          := 262144000  {product}
    uintx LargePageHeapSizeThreshold                = 134217728  {product}
    uintx MaxHeapSize                              := 4171235328 {product}
openjdk version "1.8.0_151"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_151-8u151-b12-0ubuntu0.16.04.2-b12)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.151-b12, mixed mode)

C:\Users\gebitang>java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -version |findstr HeapSize
    uintx ErgoHeapSizeLimit                         = 0         {product}
    uintx HeapSizePerGCThread                       = 87241520  {product}
    uintx InitialHeapSize                          := 268435456 {product}
    uintx LargePageHeapSizeThreshold                = 134217728 {product}
    uintx MaxHeapSize                              := 4280287232{product}
java version "1.8.0_151"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_151-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.151-b12, mixed mode)

堆内存分配

  • JVM初始分配的堆内存由-Xms指定,默认是物理内存的1/64;
  • JVM最大分配的堆内存由-Xmx指定,默认是物理内存的1/4。
  • 默认空余堆内存小于40%时,JVM就会增大堆直到-Xmx的最大限制;
  • 空余堆内存大于70%时,JVM会减少堆直到-Xms的最小限制。

因此服务器一般设置-Xms、-Xmx 相等以避免在每次GC 后调整堆的大小。

javac编译的步骤:

#1.先找出所有需要编译的java文件并保存到文件列表到javaFiles.txt
find src -name \*.java >javaFiles.txt
#2.使用javac进行编译,因为源代码依赖lib里面的库,所以需要指定classpath参数
javac -d bin -cp .:./lib/*  @.javaFiles.txt
# -d 指定输出目录  
# -cp 指定classpath为当前目录和lib目录下面所有的库文件   
# @ 后面指定需要编译的文件列表

验证java文件编译的版本

从jar包中解压处理任意一个类文件

javap -verbose PointImg.class |findstr "version"

proguard混淆

java -jar "/home/lib/proguard.jar" @/home/project-java8-linux.pro

package-info.java usage

简单说三个作用:

  • 可以放到任何一个包下,内容必须包含的内容是当前包名的声明。相当于对包级别的说明
  • 例如在JavaDoc下,这个文件的注释将生成对当前package的文档描述
  • 添加的注解,将针对当前包下的所有内容生效。例如findbugs的@javax.annotation.ParametersAreNonnullByDefault在包级别上声明后,针对包下所有的方法参数都生效

Markdown 语法练习

This is a footnote.1

Supported Content Formats aka Markdown

markdown

Markdown 语法手册

When you do want to insert a <br/> break tag using Markdown, you end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.

This is a footnote.2

Git命令使用

move to here

C++ Basic

当 std::condition_variable 对象的某个 wait 函数被调用的时候,它使用 std::unique_lock(通过 std::mutex) 来锁住当前线程。当前线程会一直被阻塞,直到另外一个线程在相同的 std::condition_variable 对象上调用了 notification 函数来唤醒当前线程。 wait_for 可以指定一个时间段,在当前线程收到通知或者指定的时间 rel_time 超时之前,该线程都会处于阻塞状态。而一旦超时或者收到了其他线程的通知,wait_for 返回

std::condition_variable::notify_one() 介绍 唤醒某个等待(wait)线程。如果当前没有等待线程,则该函数什么也不做,如果同时存在多个等待线程,则唤醒某个线程是不确定的(unspecified)。

unique_lock 对象以独占所有权的方式( unique owership)管理 mutex 对象的上锁和解锁操作,所谓独占所有权,就是没有其他的 unique_lock 对象同时拥有某个 mutex 对象的所有权。

跟踪头文件中的变量

free与malloc()函数配对使用,释放malloc函数申请的动态内存。

mmap将一个文件或者其它对象映射进内存。文件被映射到多个页上,如果文件的大小不是所有页的大小之和,最后一个页不被使用的空间将会清零。 munmap执行相反的操作,删除特定地址区域的对象映射

返回说明:   
成功执行时,mmap()返回被映射区的指针,munmap()返回0。失败时,mmap()返回MAP_FAILED[其值为(void *)-1],munmap返回-1。errno被设为以下的某个值   

EACCES:访问出错
EAGAIN:文件已被锁定,或者太多的内存已被锁定
EBADF:fd不是有效的文件描述词
EINVAL:一个或者多个参数无效
ENFILE:已达到系统对打开文件的限制
ENODEV:指定文件所在的文件系统不支持内存映射
ENOMEM:内存不足,或者进程已超出最大内存映射数量
EPERM:权能不足,操作不允许
ETXTBSY:已写的方式打开文件,同时指定MAP_DENYWRITE标志
SIGSEGV:试着向只读区写入
SIGBUS:试着访问不属于进程的内存区

memset是以字节为单位,初始化内存块。 void *memset(void *s,int c,size_t n) 总的作用:将已开辟内存空间 s 的首 n 个字节的值设为值 c。

把资源内存(src所指向的内存区域) 拷贝到目标内存(dest所指向的内存区域);拷贝多少个?有一个size变量控制 void *memcpy(void *dest, void *src, unsigned int size);

函数指针:

搞懂C/C++函数指针

C++ 函数指针 & 类成员函数指针

生产消费模型:C++11 并发指南系列

Virtual: 虚函数 基类的虚函数必须在派生类中重写

Template: 实现多态

ioctl是设备驱动程序中对设备的I/O通道进行管理的函数

Wercker Status

wercker status

80000


  1. the footnote text. ↩︎

  2. the footnote text 2. ↩︎

 
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