算法练习LinkedList(三)--P2、P19

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linked-list Medium

2. Add Two Numbers Medium

You are given two non-empty linked lists representing two non-negative integers. The digits are stored in reverse order and each of their nodes contain a single digit. Add the two numbers and return it as a linked list.

You may assume the two numbers do not contain any leading zero, except the number 0 itself.

Example:

Input: (2 -> 4 -> 3) + (5 -> 6 -> 4)
Output: 7 -> 0 -> 8
Explanation: 342 + 465 = 807.

1 - 读取两个链表构造为顺序的list,分别得到342,464 2 - 获取和 3 - 重新构造新的ListNode

public class ListNode{
        int val;
        ListNode next;
        ListNode(int x) {
            this.val = x;
        }
    }

public ListNode addTwoNumbers(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {

        String i1 = readToNumber(l1);
        String i2 = readToNumber(l2);

        String s = addTwoStr(i1, i2);

        ListNode node = null;
        ListNode t = null;
        for (int i = s.length() - 1; i >=0 ; i--) {
            int v = Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(s.charAt(i)));
            ListNode temp = new ListNode(v);
            if(node != null) {
                node.next = temp;
                node = node.next;
            }else {
                node = temp;
                t = temp;
            }
        }

        return t;
    }

    private String readToNumber(ListNode node) {
        String s = "";
        while (node != null) {
            s = node.val + s;
            node = node.next;
        }

        return s;
    }

    private static String addTwoStr(String s, String y) {
        int max = Math.max(s.length(), y.length());
        int t = 0;
        String v = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < max ; i++) {
            int s1 = i > s.length() -1 ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(s.charAt(s.length() - 1 -i)));
            int y1 = i > y.length() -1 ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(y.charAt(y.length() - 1 -i)));
            int c =(s1+y1+ t) % 10 ;
            t = s1+y1+t >= 10 ? 1 : 0 ;
            v = c + v;
        }

        if(t > 0) {
            v = 1 + v;
        }
        return v;
    }

第2步需要处理为String,否则可能越界。问题装换为数字格式的两个数组进行位置求和。但看起来我这个算法好复杂啊- -||

检查先练习再说吧:(

晚上也算做出来了——这个“数字字符串”的“求和”有点“特殊化”了

private static String addTwoStr(String s, String y) {
        int max = Math.max(s.length(), y.length());
        int t = 0;
        String v = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < max ; i++) {
            int s1 = i > s.length() -1 ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(s.charAt(s.length() - 1 -i)));
            int y1 = i > y.length() -1 ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(y.charAt(y.length() - 1 -i)));
            int c =(s1+y1+ t) % 10 ;
            t = s1+y1+t >= 10 ? 1 : 0 ;
            v = c + v;
        }

        if(t > 0) {
            v = 1 + v;
        }
        return v;
    }

Runtime: 7 ms, faster than 5.04% of Java online submissions for Add Two Numbers. Memory Usage: 39.7 MB, less than 99.69% of Java online submissions for Add Two Numbers.

更高效的解决方法

/**
Runtime: 1 ms, faster than 99.99% of Java online submissions for Add Two Numbers.
Memory Usage: 44.8 MB, less than 85.58% of Java online submissions for Add Two Numbers.
*/
public ListNode addTwoNumbers(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
        ListNode prev = new ListNode(0);
        ListNode head = prev;
        int carry = 0;
        while (l1 != null || l2 != null || carry != 0) {
            
            ListNode cur = l1!=null?l1:(l2!=null?l2:(new ListNode(0)));
            
            
            int sum = ((l1 == null) ? 0 : l1.val) + ((l2 == null) ? 0 : l2.val) + carry;
            cur.val = sum % 10;
            carry = sum / 10;
            
            //挂上当前节点
            prev.next = cur;
            // 移动指针到下一个位置,为下一次挂节点做准备
            prev = prev.next;
            
            l1 = (l1 == null) ? l1 : l1.next;
            l2 = (l2 == null) ? l2 : l2.next;
        }
        return head.next;
    }

看完别人的解法,感觉我对题目理解的有问题。reverse order实际上正好满足正确的加法计算规则。[2->4->5] + [3 -> 6 -> 9] 对应于 542+964,计算时正好是按照顺序从第一位2、3开始计算加法


19. Remove Nth Node From End of List Medium

Given a linked list, remove the n-th node from the end of list and return its head.

Example:

Given linked list: 1->2->3->4->5, and n = 2.
After removing the second node from the end, the linked list becomes 1->2->3->5.

Note: Given n will always be valid. Follow up: Could you do this in one pass?

笨办法:从头走到尾,找到第N位;再重新……

直接上手写到这一步就懵了—— 如何进行链表节点的摘取还是不清楚。

public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n) {

        if(head == null ||  n <= 0) return head;

        int i = 0;
        ListNode node = head;
        while (node != null) {
            i++;
            node = node.next;
        }

        int s = i - n;

        node = head;
        if(i == 0) {
            return node.next;
        }else {
            ListNode f = node;
            int step = 0;
        }

        return  null;

    }

看了网上的实现

  1. 先固定头部:创建一个新的头节点,让头结点的下一个节点指向传入的节点
  2. 将链表复制多份,操作多个备份,只“读”不“写”,所以不会对原始的链表产生“破坏”。
  3. 实际对应链表的操作只有一步:跳过需要处理的节点。
  4. 找到头部节点的下一个节点。

只循环一次的逻辑:需要两个“指针”同时跑——所有类似的一次循环都需要用到所谓的“快慢指针”。

关键点:先让一个备份跑n步。然后再同时跑两个备份,先跑的走到头之后,就是要找的位置。

明天来试试自己实现这个算法。


我以为我理解了这个算法的关键,但在自己的实现上执行时,还是没写出来应该怎么计算位置。参考上面的实现——

  • 要走到要摘除的节点的前一个节点就停止。(否则:走到要拆除的节点位置时,是不知道前一个节点是什么的)
  • 需要先创建一个节点保存原始的位置:最后返回时返回next节点。——为什么这样操作?如果不使用占位节点如何实现?还不清楚:(
public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n) {

        if(head == null ||  n <= 0) return head;

        int i = 0;
        ListNode node = head;
        while (node != null) {
            i++;
            node = node.next;
        }

        int s = i - n;

        node = head;
        if(s == 0) {
            return node.next;
        }else {
            //新建一个节点
            ListNode f = new ListNode(0);
            ListNode temp = f;
            temp.next = node;
            while (s > 0) {
               temp = temp.next;
                s--;
            }
            //temp.next 为要移除的节点
            temp.next = temp.next.next;
            return f.next;

        }

    }
 
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